What conditions can lead to cavitation in a pump?

Cavitation in a pump occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped. This can result in the formation of vapor bubbles, which collapse violently, causing noise, vibration, and potential damage to the pump.

Closed or obstructed suction lines is a primary condition that can lead to cavitation. If the suction line is closed or partially obstructed, it restricts the flow of liquid into the pump, resulting in insufficient pressure at the pump inlet. This drop in pressure may reach a point where it becomes lower than the vapor pressure of the fluid, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. As these bubbles travel through the pump and enter areas of higher pressure, they collapse, creating shock waves that can cause erosion of the impeller and other components.

Each of the other conditions listed could potentially affect pump performance but do not directly lead to cavitation in the same way. Excessive voltage can cause electrical issues and affect the motor's performance, high liquid temperature may reduce efficiency or cause vaporization under certain conditions but is less directly related to cavitation than an obstructed suction line, and improper lubrication could affect mechanical wear but does not influence vapor pressure dynamics.