What are the byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with dissolved natural organic matter in drinking water?

When chlorine reacts with dissolved natural organic matter in drinking water, it primarily forms trihalomethanes (THMs). Trihalomethanes are a group of chemicals that include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. These compounds are formed through a process known as chlorination, where chlorine combines with organic materials found in the water.

The formation of THMs is a significant concern in water treatment processes because these compounds are associated with various health risks and regulatory limits. As such, understanding the chemical reactions that take place during water treatment is essential for managing water quality and ensuring the safety of drinking water.

In contrast, while chloramines and hypochlorous acid are products of chlorination processes, they are formed under different conditions and do not specifically arise from the reaction with natural organic matter in the same way. Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical used for disinfection but is not a direct byproduct of chlorine reacting with organic materials. This understanding highlights the importance of monitoring and controlling chlorine levels to reduce the formation of harmful byproducts during water treatment.