What process refers to atmospheric moisture falling onto the Earth's surface?

The process where atmospheric moisture falls onto the Earth's surface is known as precipitation. This encompasses various forms of water, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail, which result from the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. When the water droplets or ice crystals in clouds grow large enough, they overcome air resistance and fall to the ground due to gravity.

Understanding precipitation is vital because it plays a significant role in the Earth's water cycle, affecting ecosystems, water supply, soil moisture, and climate patterns. It is one of the key processes in replenishing groundwater and surface water bodies, making it essential for agriculture, drinking water, and overall environmental health.