What is the term for the initial movement of water from the earth's surface into the soil?

The term for the initial movement of water from the earth's surface into the soil is infiltration. This process occurs when water, such as rainfall or melted snow, seeps into the ground and moves through the soil layers. Infiltration is critical for replenishing groundwater supplies and supports agricultural practices by allowing plants to access water stored within the soil.

Understanding infiltration helps in various fields, including hydrology and environmental science, as it affects water availability, soil moisture, and the overall health of ecosystems. Proper management of infiltration can also minimize flooding and erosion by allowing water to be absorbed by the soil rather than running off the surface. This distinction is important in water management and conservation practices.