What is the optimum concentration range of fluoride in water?

The optimum concentration range of fluoride in drinking water is generally recognized to be between 0.8 and 1.2 mg/l. This range is established based on research showing that fluoride in these concentrations is effective in preventing dental caries while minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis, which can occur when fluoride is ingested in excessive amounts during childhood when teeth are developing.

Fluoride helps in the remineralization of enamel and reduces the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, which causes tooth decay. By maintaining the concentration within the specified range, water systems can provide a balance that supports dental health without leading to adverse effects.

This understanding is crucial for water operators, as they must monitor and adjust fluoride levels to ensure public health outcomes align with dental health recommendations. Fluoride levels below this range may not provide the desired protective effect, while levels above may pose a risk, emphasizing the importance of staying within the established optimum range.